특수구문
There + V + S
유도부사 there 뒤에는 주어와 동사가 도치된다.
(1) There + be + S :「～이 있다」
There is a book on the desk.
▶ 주어는 불특정한 것이 와야 한다.
There is the book on the desk. (X)
→ The book is on the desk. .(O)
(2) There seem/appear to be + S
There seems to be nobody in the hall.
(3) There + V1 + S
live, exist, remain, stand, come, go, appear, arise, happen, occur |
There lived a pretty girl in the cottage.
There stands a church on the hill.
There happened an event.
It is ～ that 강조구문
(1) It is와 that 사이에 강조어구가 들어가며,
강조어구가 <사람>일 경우는 that 대신에 who를,
<사물>일 경우는 which를 쓸 수 있다.
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
S O 부사구
⇒ It was Columbus that/who discovered America in 1492.
<주어 강조>
⇒ It was America that/which Columbus discovered in 1492.
<목적어 강조>
⇒ It was in 1492 that Columbus discovered America.
<부사구 강조>
▶ 강조구문과 가주어구문의 구별
It is ～ that을 생략해도 완전한 문장이면 <강조구문>이고
그렇지 않으면 <가주어구문>이다.
It is true that John broke the window. <가주어구문>
It was John that broke the window. <강조구문>
(2) 의문사의 강조
Who discovered America?
⇒ Who was it that discovered America?
Why were you late for school?
⇒ Why was it that you were late for school?
(3) <not A until B>의 강조
The meeting did not begin until he arrived.
⇒ It was not until he arrived that the meeting began.
(4) 강조구문의 동사는 강조어구에 수를 일치시킨다.
It is I that am responsible for it.
It is you that are responsible for it.
부가의문문
□ 부가의문문의 기본 규칙
① 긍정문이면 부정으로, 부정문이면 긍정으로 한다.
② 문장의 주어를 대명사로 바꾼다.
③ be동사와 조동사는 그대로 사용하고,
일반동사는 do를 쓴다.
완료시제는 have/had로 한다.
④ 부정의 부가의문문은 반드시 축약형을 사용한다.
You are tire, aren't you?
Bill will win, won't he?
She learned English, didn't she?
The rain hasn't stopped yet, has it?
(1) 명령문은 긍정이든 부정이든 <will you?>를 쓴다.
Close the window, will you?
Don't close the window, will you?
Let me know when he will come, will you?
▶ 권유를 나타내는 명령문은 <won't you?>를 쓴다.
Have a cup of coffee, won't you?
(2) Let's로 시작되는 제안문은 <shall we?>를 쓴다.
Let's have dinner together, shall we?
(3) 유도부사 there는 there로 받는다.
There is a book on the desk, isn't there?
(4) this/that은 it으로 these/those는 they로 받는다.
This is his book, isn't it?
These are their books, aren't they?
(5) have to → do
used to → did/used
had better → had
would rather → would
ought to → should
You have to help him, don't you?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't/usedn't you?
You had better go to bed, hadn't you?
You would rather give in, wouldn't you?
She ought to go by plane, shouldn't she?
(6) 중문에서는 뒤의 절의 주어와 동사에 일치시킨다.
She is not a doctor but he is a doctor, isn't he?
(7) 복문에서는 주절의 주어와 동사에 따른다.
The train had departed when we arrived, hadn't it?
(8) 1인칭 주어 다음에 think, suppose, believe, guess의 목적어로
that절을 취하는 경우, that절의 주어와 동사에 일치시킨다.
I think that he will help you with the work, won't he?
▶ 단, 주절이 부정이면 긍정의 부가의문문을 쓴다.
I don't think that he will help you with the work, will he?
(9) 주절에 준부정어 hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely 등이
있을 때 긍정의 부가의문을 쓴다.
He seldom drinks, does he?