전치사
전치사의 기능
<전치사+(대)명사> = 형용사구/부사구
(1) 형용사구
The book on the desk is mine.
He is in good health.
(2) 부사구
Put the book on the desk.
of + 추상명사/with + 추상명사
(1) of + 추상명사 = 형용사구
∙of importance/significance/consequence/account/ .moment = important ∙of use = useful ∙of value = valuable ∙of ability = able |
It is a matter of great importance.
The book is of no use to me.
(2) with + 추상명사 = 부사구
∙with ease = easily ∙with kindness = kindly ∙with care = carefully ∙with fluency = fluently |
He solved the problem with ease.
혼동하기 쉬운 전치사
(1) by .: 어느 때까지의 <동작 완료>
until/till : 어느 때까지의 <동작 계속>
I'll be back by 8 o'clock.
I'll stay here until 8 o'clock.
(2) for + 막연한 기간
during + 특정한 기간
since + 시점
He waited at the hut for six hours.
We enjoyed sea-bathing during the vacation.
We have been here since one o'clock.
(3) between A and B(혹은 2)
among + 복수명사(3 이상)
The ship sailed between Korea and Japan.
The ship sailed between the two countries.
Three men quarreled among themselves.
(4) near :「～가까이」<전치사>
nearby :「가까운」<형용사>
He puts the sewing machine near the window.
We decided to drive to a nearby motel.
(5) beside :「～옆에」
besides :「～외에도」
He sat beside his father.
There were three people besides me.
(6) like :「～처럼」<비교>
as .:「～로서」<자격>
He swims like a fish. <He ≠ a fish>
He works as a teacher. <He 〓 a teacher>
(7) with : 구체적인 도구
by .: 수단․방법
He cut the apple with a knife.
He earns his living by teaching English.
전치사에 따라 의미가 달라지는 표현
(1) consist of :「～로 구성되다」
in :「～에 있다」
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
Happiness consists in contentment.
(2) result in .+ 결과 :「～을 초래하다」
from + 원인 :「～에서 기인하다」
My efforts resulted in success.
Success resulted from my efforts.
(3) succeed in :「성공하다」
to :「계승하다, 물려받다」
I hope you will succeed in your new job.
He succeeded to the farm.
(4) differ from :「～와 다르다」
.in :「～에 있어서 다르다」
Korean differs from Japanese.
They differ in many respects.
(5) be concerned about :「걱정하다」
. in/with :「관련되다」
We are concerned about his financial situation.
They were deeply concerned in that business.
(6) be made of : <물리적 변화 : 모양만 바뀜>
from : <화학적 변화 : 성질까지 바뀜>
Bells are usually made of bronze.
Wine is made from grapes.
(7) 사람 + be familiar with + 사물 :「～에 정통하다」
사물 + to + 사람 :「～에게 알려지다」
I am familiar with English.
You name is familiar to me.
전치사의 생략
(1) this, that, last, next, every, all + 시간명사
He will be back on next Sunday. (X)
→ He will be back next Sunday. (O)
(2) today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, nowadays
In nowadays students don't work hard. (X)
→ Nowadays students don't work hard. (O)
전치사구
(1) according to :「～에 따라서」/「～에 의하면」
The custom changes according to the time.
According to the Bible, God made the world in six days.
▶ according as + S + V
According as the demand increases, prices go up.
(2) apart/aside from :「～은 별도로 하고, ～은 제쳐놓고」
Apart from the question of expense, the project is
impracticable.
(3) as a result of :「～의 결과로」
Several people were killed as a result of the accident.
(4) as for :「～에 대하여 말하자면」(= speaking of)
As for me, I will not approve the plan.
(5) as to :「～에 관하여」(= about)
= as regards = in/with regard to = in/with respect to
He said nothing as to what he would do.
(6) at the cost/expense of :「～을 희생하여」
He accomplished the task at the cost of his health.
(7) at the mercy of :「～에 좌우되어」
The ship was drifting at the mercy of the waves.
(8) at the rate of :「～의 비율[속도]로」
The car ran at the rate of 100 miles an hour.
(9) by means/virtue/dint of :「～에 의하여」
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
(10) by way of :「～을 경유하여」/「～으로서」
She went to Europe by way of Hong Kong.
I want to say a few words by way of apology.
(11) contrary to : 「～에 반하여」
Contrary to expectations, he won the race.
(12) due to :「～때문에」
= on account of = owing to = because of
The accident was due to his careless driving.
(13) except for :「～을 제외하고」
= with exception of
The room was obscure except for the light of the fire.
(14) for the purpose of :「～할 목적으로」
= with a view to ～ing
He went to Italy for the purpose of studying music.
(15) for the sake/good/benefit of :「～을 위하여」
He saved money for the sake of his family.
(16) for want/lack of :「～의 결핍 때문에」
The company failed for want of capital.
(17) in accordance with :「～와 일치하여, ～에 따라서」
The events are scheduled in accordance with the lunar
calendar.
(18) in addition to :「～외에도」(= besides)
In addition to that sum he still owes me 70 dollars.
(19) in answer/response to :「～에 응하여, ～에 답하여」
They sent me a sample in answer to my request.
(20) in/on behalf of :「～을 위하여, ～을 대신하여」
He has done his best in behalf of his company.
(21) in case of :「～의 경우에는」
= in the event of
In case of fire, push the red button.
(22) in contrast to/with :「～와 대조적으로」
In contrast to most critical opinions, I myself consider
this play superior to that.
(23) in course/process of :「～하는 과정에, ～중에」(= during)
The house is now in course of construction.
(24) in favor of :「～에 찬성하여, ～을 위하여」
I am in favor of the proposition.
(25) in honor of :「～을 축하하여, 경의를 표하여」
We had a farewell party in honor of Mr. Smith.
(26) in proportion to :「～에 비례하여」
Energy use increase in proportion to the rise in
temperature.
(27) in search/pursuit of :「～을 찾아서」
We started in search of the lost child.
(28) in spite of :「～에도 불구하고」(= despite)
= with/for all
He failed in spite of his efforts.
▶ despite 뒤에는 of를 쓸 수 없다.
He failed despite of his efforts. (X)
(29) in terms of :「～의 관점에서」
They see everything in terms of money.
(30) in the absence of :「～이 없을 때는, ～이 없어서」
In the absence of evidence the woman was set free.
(31) instead of :「～대신에」
= in place of
Shall we have fish instead of meat today?
(32) on the basis of :「～을 기초로 하여」
He chose the job on the basis of pay.
(33) regardless of :「～에 관계없이」
= irrespective of = without regard to
Anyone can join the club regardless of age.
(34) thanks to :「～덕분에, ～때문에」
He could succeed thanks to his uncle's help.