가정법
가정법 현재
현재나 미래의 불확실한 일 가정
If + S + 현재형[원형] ～, S + will/shall/can/may + V |
<현대 영어에서는 조건절에 보통 <현재형>을 쓴다.>
If he is[be] honest, I will employ him.
If it rains[rain] tomorrow, we will not go on a picnic.
가정법 미래
(1) 미래의 실현 가능성이 희박한 일 가정
If + S + should ～, S + will/shall/can/may + V would/should/could/might |
If it should rain tomorrow, we would[will] not go on a picnic.
▶ 주절에 명령문이 오면, <정중한 요청>을 나타낸다.
If you should change your mind, please let me know.
(2) 실현 불가능한 미래의 일 가정
If + S + were to ～, S + would/should/could/might + V |
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind.
가정법 과거
현재 사실의 반대 가정 → <현재>로 해석
If + S + 과거형 ～, S + would/should/could/might + V <be동사는 항상 were> |
If he were honest, I would employ him.
If I knew the answer, I could help you.
▶ if절에 조동사 could가 올 수 있다.
If I could skate, I would go with you.
가정법 과거완료
과거 사실의 반대 가정 → <과거>로 해석
If + S + had p.p ～, S + would/should/could/might + have p.p |
If he had been honest, I would have employed him.
If we had gone by car, we would have saved time.
▶ if절에 <could have p.p>가 올 수 있다.
If he could have helped us, we would have finished it.
혼합가정법
가정법 과거완료(조건절) + 가정법 과거(주절)
⇒ 과거 사실이 현재에 영향을 미치는 경우
If + S + had p.p ～, S + would/should/could/might + V |
If you had taken my advice then, you would not be in trouble now.
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
if의 생략
if절 안에 were/had/should가 있는 경우에만 if를 생략하면서 주어와 동사가 도치된다.
Were I in your position, I would not do so.
= If I were in your position, I would not do so.
Had he been honest, I would have employed him.
= If he had been honest, I would have employed him.
Should I fail, what should I do?
= If I should fail, what should I do?
I wish (that) + 가정법
.「～하면 좋을 텐데」
I wish he were here now. <가정법과거>
I wish he had been here yesterday. <가정법과거완료>
I wish he would come tomorrow. <가정법미래>
▶ I wish의 대용 표현
I wish she were here now.
= If only she were here now.
= Would (that) she were here now.
It is (about, high) time (that) + 가정법과거
should + 원형
「이제는 ～해야 할 시간이다」
It is time you went to bed.
= It is time you should go to bed.
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
would rather (that) + 가정법
「차라리 ～하면 좋겠는데」
I would rather you paid me now. <가정법과거>
I would rather he had gone to school yesterday.
<가정법과거완료>
※ would rather + 원형 : <조동사>「차라리 ～하겠다」
I would rather stay at home.
as if/as though + 가정법
「마치 ～인 것처럼」
He speaks as if he knew everything. <가정법과거>
He speaks as if he had read the novel before.
<가정법과거완료>
직설법 + otherwise + 가정법
otherwise는 부정의 조건절 전체를 대신한다.
「그렇지 않다면[않았다면」 」
I am busy; otherwise I would help you.
= If I were not busy, I would help you.
I used my calculator; otherwise I'd have taken longer.
= If I hadn't used my calculator, I'd have taken longer.
가정법 + but/except/save (that) + 직설법
「～하지 않으면」(= if ～ not)
I would help you but (that) I am busy.
= I would help you if I were not busy.
I would have helped you but (that) I didn't have time.
= I would have helped you if I had had time.
but for/without
(1) 가정법 과거 :「～이 없다면」
But for/Without sunlight, we could see nothing.
= If it were not for sunlight, ～
= Were it not for sunlight, ～
if it were not for the - YouTube
(2) 가정법 과거완료 :「～이 없었다면」
But for/Without your help, he would have failed.
= If it had not been for your help, ～
= Had it not been for your help, ～
if it hadn't been for - YouTube
what if ～?
「～하면 어쩌지?」(= What would happen if ～?)
What if I should fail in the exam?
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
4. 주장, 요구, 제안, 명령의 동사
(suggest, propose, advise, insist, demand, claim, order..) that S + (should) V
(당위의 의미가 있을때만.. 동사원형, 독해에선 아닐때가 있다)
I advise that she (should) see a doctor right away.
I insisted that she (should) be fired.
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
II. Step 2 기출 문제
(1) The teacher demands that everyone is in the classroom at nine.
(2) Had the companies been notified of the possibility of a strike, they would have taken extra measures
(3) It is high time that we reviewed our foreign policy in the Middle East.
(4) I wish I am as intelligent as he is.
(5) If it will rain tomorrow, I won‟t go to school.
(6) If I had enough money at that time, I would have lent it to you.
(7) Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would not accept his proposal.
(8) Had the Korean team made it to the quarter final, the whole nation would have gone wild.
(9) If I had a time machine, I would choose to travel Joseon in the early 18th century.
(10) If a war were to break out in the Korean Peninsula, the U.S and China would immediately join.
7. 가정법
(1) The teacher demands that everyone is in the classroom at nine. (X)
->be
(2) Had the companies been notified of the possibility of a strike, they would have taken extra measures (O)
-- 도치면 if 생략// , S+V 에서 콤마는 없을때도 있음
(3) It is high time that we reviewed our foreign policy in the Middle East.(O)
(4) I wish I am as intelligent as he is. (X)
->were
(5) If it will rain tomorrow, I won’t go to school. (X)
->rains
(6) If I had enough money at that time, I would have lent it to you. (X)
-> had had (앞절의 과거 사실의 반대)
(7) Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would not accept his proposal. (O)
(8) Had the Korean team made it to the quarter final, the whole nation would have gone wild. (O)
(9) If I had a time machine, I would choose to travel Joseon in the early 18th
century. (O)
(10) If a war were to break out in the Korean Peninsula, the U.S and China would immediately join. (O)
(11) About 40 percent of those killed in bygone accidents would be saved if wearing seatbelts.
(12) The identity theft research center suggests that everyone checks their credit ratings annually from the credit reporting bureaus.
(13) A physician’s assistant demanded that she signed a consent form for the surgery she did not want.
(14) I wish that we are on vacation now.
(15) I wish we had purchased the apartment last year.
(16) He speaks English fluently as if he were an American.
(17) If it rains tomorrow, I’ll just stay at home.
(18) If it was not for Newton, the law of gravitation would not be discovered.
(19) He ordered that it be done at once.
(20) If I would have known about the meeting, I had gone there too.
(11) About 40 percent of those killed in bygone accidents would be saved if wearing seatbelts. (X)
-> would have been saved
(12) The identity theft research center suggests that everyone checks their credit ratings annually from the credit-
reporting bureaus. (X) ->check
(13) A physician’s assistant demanded that she signed a consent form for the surgery she did not want. (X)
->sign
(14) I wish that we are on vacation now. (X)
->were
(15) I wish we had purchased the apartment last year. (O)
(16) He speaks English fluently as if he were an American. (O)
(17) If it rains tomorrow, I’ll just stay at home. (O)
(18) If it was not for Newton, the law of gravitation would not be discovered. (X)
그럼 were가 있다면 맞냐?? 바꿔도 해석자체가 안됨.
If it had not been for Newton, the law of gravitation would not have been discovered.
(19) He ordered that it be done at once. (O)
(20) If I would have known about the meeting, I had gone there too. (X)
->If I had known about the meeting, I would have gone there, too.
(21) Had I had the book, I could have lent it to you.
(22) If he had not died in the war, he would be forty now.
(23) He suggested that the new policy be implemented for all workers.
(24) Had they followed my order, they would not have been punished.
(25) Had the computer parts been delivered earlier, we could have been able to complete the project on time.
(26) It is time you went to bed.
(27) Even before Mr. Kay announced his movement to another company, the manager insisted that we begin advertising for a new accountant.
(28) If earth were to shrink to the size of a beach ball, its inhabitable atmosphere would be thinner than a piece of paper.
(29) Sarah would be offended if I didn’t go to her party.
(30) I urged in my previous letter that they be treated as his colleagues.
(31) The game might have been played if the typhoon had not been approaching.
(32) The police demanded that she not leave the country for the time being.
(21) Had I had the book, I could have lent it to you. (O)
(22) If he had not died in the war, he would be forty now. (O)
(23) He suggested that the new policy be implemented for all workers. (O)
(24) Had they followed my order, they would not have been punished.(O)
(25) Had the computer parts been delivered earlier, we could have been able to complete the project on time. (O)
(26) It is time you went to bed. (O)
(27) Even before Mr. Kay announced his movement to another company, the manager insisted that we begin
advertising for a new accountant. (O)
(28) If earth were to shrink to the size of a beach ball, its inhabitable atmosphere would be thinner than a piece
of paper. (O)
(29) Sarah would be offended if I didn’t go to her party. (O)
(30) I urged in my previous letter that they be treated as his colleagues. (O)
(31) The game might have been played if the typhoon had not been approaching.(O)-- 과거완료, 과거완료
(32) The police demanded that she not leave the country for the time being. (O)---디맨드 즉, 요구